Back-forward cache (bfcache) in browsers.

Read on web.dev.

You can use persisted property to check if a page has been loaded from the bfcache:

window.addEventListener('pageshow', (event) => {
  if (event.persisted) {
    console.log('This page was restored from the bfcache.');
  } else {
    console.log('This page was loaded normally.');
  }
});